Process, People, and Pods


Monday 23 July 2007

Masters, Journeymen, and Apprentices: Part 3

In the previous blogs on this topic, I claimed that there is a huge productivity difference among Masters, Journeymen, and Apprentices when working on significant, business critical systems:
RoleProductivity
Apprentice1x
Journeyman2x
Master5-10x

This is observed productivity from many Agile projects.

So, what do you do with this information?
  1. Assess the skills of your developers
  2. Adjust project staffing, absorbing all the Masters and Journeymen you can find (the rate difference does not equate to the productivity difference)
  3. Work to boost the skills of your developers

Let's start with the first point: Assessing the skills of your developers. For this example, these guidelines here apply to OO skills in particular, but you can easily morph these into other skills.

  • Apprentices are those programmers that are not yet Journeymen. You do expect Apprentices to be competent in a programming language and associated tools (IDE, unit test tools, debuggers). They can write code without fumbling and resorting to syntax guides. They can use the right tool at the right time. They may be learning what bad OO code looks like, but lack the tools to figure out how to get rid of it.
  • Journeymen have developed a broad OO vocabulary. They understand OO principles, and apply these principles in their code. They have a rich set of design patterns they exploit, and a broader set they understand. They can quote solutions to code smells drawing from their refactoring vocabulary. They are clever users of their tools, exploiting the nuances missed by Apprentices. Journeymen stuggle, however, when trying to design an object solution to a business problem. They are not yet comfortable with exploiting their OO design skills to address these problems.
  • Masters are Journeymen with the extra ability to decompose a business problem into its parts. They also discern refactoring paths for ugly code, particularly where a series of patterns must be applied. The source of their productivity lies in their ability to find a great solution (simple and elegant) quickly, whereas Journeymen may have a few false starts.

So how do you assess where each of your developers fit? The easiest way is to have a Master programmer work with each programmer for a while (as little as 30 minutes). That will be enough for a Master to discern the current level of a programmer. You might also get a feel for the potential of a programmer in that short time, but that is a bit more dangerous.

You don't have a spare Master programmer around to do the assessment? For Apprentices and Journeymen, there is a good alternative. Since the difference is largely knowledge based, testing is a valid approach. Test their vocabulary; show them bad code, and ask how they would fix it. Personally, if a programmer can describe the Composite design pattern to me with three or four places where it would be appropriate, I am pretty sure he is at least a Journeyman.

How about Masters themselves? That is a bit tougher, but I would propose the following: Master programmers know Master programmers when they meet them. They talk a different language; they discuss problems in higher, abstract terms. They can relate experiences using almost any design or refactoring pattern. Verify that the legendary programmer in your organization is a Master programmer by getting references from luminaries in the field. Once you have found one, let her figure out who the others are. Chances are she knows a couple, and those couple know the rest.

Warning: Don't be surprised if you have no Master programmers. Don't be surprised if some of your architects think they are, but are really not.

More in the next post about growing Journeymen and Masters.

57 comments:

Anonymous said...

I enjoyed the articles Fred. On the same note this 9 yr. old article from Meilir Page-Jones on "The Seven Stages of Expertise in Software Engineering" has been a favorite for a long time.

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Fred George said...

Thanks for the pointer. I had heard about this taxonomy, but hadn't bothered to chase it down. My only concerns with "7" are the practical concerns associated with labeling and measuring productivity differences (and I couldn't remember them - my problem). So I choose to simplify for now.

Again, thanks for the pointer!

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本土疫情延燒,台北市政府昨日公布9家酒店爆17人確診,副市長黃珊珊今(8日)說,又新增2例與酒店打工相關確診。市長柯文哲宣布,將對八大行業加嚴管制,除了工作人員應接種至少兩劑疫苗外,消費顧客也要提供至少接種三劑疫苗證明,酒店小姐若臨檢發現違規,將開罰業者3,000元至1萬5,000元,並計點後最重將下令停業。台北市政府下午召開疫情記者會,市長柯文哲、副市長黃珊珊、衛生局長黃世傑等人出席。柯文哲表示,因應酒店工作疫情要開始調整戰術,酒店上班八大行業不可諱言的是有好幾個縣市都發生感染狀況,這真的相當麻煩,為了防止一下子群聚太多,將開始加嚴管制。柯文哲說,首先,消費的顧客需打滿三劑疫苗,工作人員應至少打滿兩劑,若打滿第二劑超過3個月要打第三劑,必須確保顧客、酒店經紀的疫苗接種符合標準。到八大行業臨檢時,會要求業者提供證明,否則開罰業者,每次罰3,000至1萬5,000元,超過四次按次處罰,每次罰1萬5,000元,也許殺傷力不大,但可能會採用計點方式,並下令要求停業。全台各縣市陸續出現酒店公關群聚,台北市長柯文哲今在台北市疫情記者會宣布,將加強八大行業管制,若臨檢時顧客、工作人員沒有施打疫苗的證明,就會罰業者,從最低3000元開始罰,累計次數,第4次將會罰最高金額1萬5千元,若超過一定的次數,「就把你停業處理!」柯文哲表示,從好幾個縣市的感染狀況,八大行業的確相當麻煩,為防止八大行業造成太多群聚,將加嚴管制,顧客要打滿三劑,工作人員則至少要打滿兩劑,若打滿第二劑已超過三個月,酒店上班就要打第三劑,無論酒店應徵是工作人員或是消費的顧客,在疫苗上面必須符合標準。柯文哲強調,從現在開始,相關局處到八大行業臨檢時,將要求提供疫苗施打證明,若坐檯小姐、工作人員拿不出來,就會罰業者,從最低3000元開始罰,一直向上加,第4次就會是最高的1萬5千元,但罰1萬5千元可能殺傷力不大,我們會開始記點,超過一定的次數後就開始停業。柯文哲認為,八大行業酒店上班變成傳染群聚的地方,需開始嚴格管制,不管是工作人員還是顧客,帶好打疫苗的證明,違反規定將罰業者,殺傷力最大的是應該停業,原則上是一次、兩次都可以理解,總有時候會漏掉,但如果好幾次就是這家店管理出現問題,「就把你停業處理!」

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