Process, People, and Pods


Tuesday 17 July 2007

The Secret Assumption of Agile

I assert that there is a secret assumption behind successful Agile. "Secret" may be a bit too strong, but it is certainly under-articulated if not completely unarticulated.

Agile succeeds when you write code that is easy to change.

I grew up with phased (waterfall) processes. I was taught that a needed design change discovered during the coding phase would cost you ten times the cost of knowing about the need during design. A design problem found in test would cost 100 times the cost of avoiding the problem during the design phase. Based on this cost model (which seemed correct in my experience following it for 20 years), code reviews, design reviews, detailed diagrams, rigorous architecture specifications were all cost saving techniques no sane project would ever do without.

Agile touts that it can easily accommodate change at a reasonable cost. That is, if you knew about the requirement in some detail before the project started, the cost to implement the requirement would be 1x. If you find out about this requirement in the middle of an Agile project, the cost to implement will be about 1x as well (maybe 1.1x, for example) and not the 10x or 100x a waterfall process would predict for a change that would affect the design and adjacent code.

What is going on here? Are all our experiences in waterfall development simply calculation mistakes? Were we using the wrong languages? Were we simply stupid?

"No!" to all of this (although I have had my moments of brilliant stupidity). What has happened is that we have discovered ways to write programs that minimizes the excessive cost of change. I count several technologies that facilitate change, including:

  • Normalized relational databases
  • Rules engines
  • Object-oriented programming
  • SOA (decomposition of an application into loosely coupled entities)

All of these techniques share two aspects in common:

  1. They simplify the problem to allow other sound techniques to be applied, and
  2. They eliminate duplication so that when change is needed, it can be applied to one and only one place with confidence.

My favorite among these techniques is object-oriented programming. By this, I do not mean using an OO language, although that is very helpful. I speak about a style of programming that exploits the fundamental OO concepts.

An example may help here. At a client a few years ago, we were asked to rewrite an existing system. The existing system was a Web-based application, Java platform, with Oracle database backend. The new system was a Web-based application, Java platform, with Oracle database backend. No difference. The reason for the rewrite: The system could no longer be changed in a timely fashion, and business was being lost. The rewritten system has exceeded expectations, met all business needs, and is easy to maintain and enhance (which has been done.) The original system had 79 Java classes. When we finished with the new system, it had 1400 Java classes. We found 1400 different, unique things to model. When a new requirement was being considered, it may impact 20 classes. But the remaining 1380 classes were untouched and ran their unit tests perfectly. Writing code in this particular OO style is different.

Are the Agile pundits (and I am one of them) deliberately hiding this "secret" assumption of Agile? I don't think so. But all the luminaries in Agile that I know have been programming in this style for many years (and most for decades). It is inate to their thinking. When I was exposed to this style of programming 15 years ago, it took a while for me to understand. But after that point, even my Excel macros in VBA are structured very differently.

There will be more discussion of how to learn this style in future posts.

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高雄八大行業昨(15)日復業,所有人員蓄勢待發準備酒店打工,不過在這之前,員警們也是大陣仗,針對轄區特殊娛樂場所進行稽查,三個分局查了酒店工作210家,共查到21人違規,而今天高雄則是新增58例確診個案,外界關注的左營分局傳播鍊,現在也證實感染源來自社區;屏東則是新增12例,其中天上人間、可愛小吃部依究佔了大半有5例,古都台南是28例,分別來自9條傳播鏈。員警們大陣仗,全副武裝來到特殊娛樂場所,要所有人趕緊備齊資料,等待受檢,酒店經紀們,一字排開,拿出證明,只要檢查沒問題,就能上班去,而包廂內,客人也是不放過,查個徹底,高雄特殊娛樂場所傳播鏈燒個不停,八大行業15日復業,緊管消費酒客寥寥可數,十分冷清,但仍不敢大意。三個分局,一共稽查210處,針對酒店公關未持有PCR證明、未實聯制、未接種疫苗等,一共發現有21人違規,現在也將被依法對他們開罰,高雄市衛生局簡任技正潘炤穎說:「相關的一些場域還有規範,我們會依傳染病防治法來落實。」緊管防疫做得滴水不漏,但16日,高雄又增加酒店上班58例確診個案。高雄市衛生局簡任技正潘炤穎說:「左營分局這個狀況,那我們也證實了,他的傳播鏈是來自於社區,在工作範圍裡面,6樓跟8樓也有所影響。」外界關注的左營分局傳播鏈,指標個案酒店應徵工作的7樓,目前染疫數最多,現在感染源也證實來自社區,而這次確診個案中,有兩人特別遭到點名。高雄市衛生局簡任技正潘炤穎說:「馬拉松式唱歌那這個部分,也是一個高風險一個活動。」馬拉松式歡唱,一連唱了好幾天,不排除過程中有脫罩可能性,而臨近縣市台南,確診數來到高雄一半。台南市長黃偉哲說:「中央有公布是29案,那有一案是轉出到其他縣市。」染疫的28人,分別來自9條傳播鏈,6條是和日前的有關,其餘是新增,屏東是新增12人染疫,幾乎圍繞在小吃部,現在針對所有卻診足跡,一一消毒個乾淨,但南台灣縣市鄰近,屬於一日生活圈,面對來勢洶洶的病毒,沒人敢輕忽,關鍵時期,通通繃緊神經。酒店小姐的上班內容1.「瘦就是加分!」: 酒店上班要時時保持外貌,公關大多都是長髮,如果頭髮不夠長就戴假髮或接髮,指甲也要塗指甲油,腿毛、腋毛等都要脫毛,小飾品也是必須配件,更重要是保持最佳體態,因為八大就是外表取勝,這直接影響妳的節數與收入。2.「酒店小姐框出場是什麼?!」:公關一般都在店裡上檯,如果客人想買妳時段,帶妳到店外則要「框出場」,小框一般為4小時(公關實拿約4,000元左右,框到下班則實拿6~8,000元)。可以做的事情很多,如「看電影、吃飯、夜遊」等等,4小時內要回到店家,若是全場10小時就是實拿1萬以上,公關就可以不用進店家,有些酒店小姐身體不舒服或是不想進店家就會叫客人包全場。PS. 公關被框出場是買時段,不等同於性交易。3.「切勿酒醉,手機保持暢通!」:公關要避免喝醉,有時自己答應客人與店家表明自己出場沒問題,很可能是酒醉不理性的衝動決定。清醒後完全不記得自己說過什麼,喝醉後什麼事都可能發生,喝醉後容易衝動,一瞬間就會出事。少喝酒或動腦筋躲酒,找客人聊天、裝傻都好,不要一直喝酒才是保身之道。4.「坐檯小姐懂得拒絕!」:不用擔心拒絕不合理要求後,幹部(店內人員)會排擠妳,每家業績幹部眾多,我們不必討好所有人。5.「遇到誇張的客人」:有時客人鍥而不捨,想碰觸小姐身體或要求更進一步,可以透過許多方式來拒絕,並以店家有罰則作為藉口,若客人還是持續要求,且自稱與店家很熟,妳可以說:「大家都在看,我在這家店以後怎麼做?」等語來搪塞,最後手段就只能直接拒絕,即使氣氛降到冰點被「卡檯」也沒關係,重點是保護自己。6.「酒店上班身體的碰觸原則與界線」:找到自己的特色很重要,例如很會唱歌、很會喝酒、很會帶氣氛,這樣店家也知道妳的特質,就能幫忙安排適合的客人。找到自己的【原則與界線】,能接受什麼、不能接受什麼。例如客人要求親親,就說不要親嘴,可以親臉頰,或是有些人可以接受「吃豆腐」但不能接受談戀愛,就看各人選擇。當認知到自己身體的界線後,就不需要那麼害怕,甚至找出與客人相處的方式,例如客人想接近妳,妳可挽著客人的手,讓對方滿足肢體接觸,也不會讓自己不舒服,或是會用撒嬌地方式跟對方說:「我不喜歡你這樣、你弄痛我了。」讓客人知難而退。
7.「避免鹹豬手」:每位公關的身體界線不同,客人都會想要試探小姐的底線,如果小姐沒有明顯拒絕,客人就會越過紅線。所以適時地轉移方向是種策略,如「客人手過來想要摸妳的時候,妳就把他的手勾住,反過來放在自己大腿上,大多數公關會覺得摸大腿較可以接受。」

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